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GET ACCUSTOMED TO WRITING PAST FORMS OF MODALS Edit verb phrases by looking for a correct combination of FINITE FORM + NONFINITE FORM. PAST MODAL VERBS VARY IN FORM. The variation in form depends on whether or not the modal itself has a past form and the meaning of the modal. Note these examples: AUX + BASE     • Will becomes would when it expresses a past future perspective, certainty, or intention.     • Can becomes could when it means ability.     • Must becomes had to to show past necessity. MODAL AUX + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE     • WOULD becomes WOULD HAVE + PP to express speculation (unreal past) or past        preference/desirability.        [If he had had the money, he would have gone to school.]        [He would have preferred to attend college.]     • COULD becomes COULD / COULDN'T HAVE + PP to speculate about        what was or was not possible in the past.        [He couldn't have finished his project. He hasn't spent any time on it. ]     • MUST becomes MUST HAVE + PP or MUST NOT HAVE + PP to express a logical        deduction based on a past fact.        [He must not have made an effort if he failed the course.] Write the correct past form of the verbs in the table. Do not use contractions in this exercise. If incorrect (red), or if you need help, type a question mark in the frame and hit enter.